How To Make A Dedicated Page For Reading Latest Journal Articles

Latest and current knowledge of research is of utmost importance to keep pace with the ever growing field of dentistry. One of the best methods to peacefully read journal articles without being disturbed by the distraction on the web is to make a dedicated page for the very same purpose.
It is a fairly simple process and one can make it with existing or new Gmail / Google id.
Steps:
1. Log in to iGoogle at www.igoogle.com with your existing gmail id.
Click on the page tab labeled "HOME" and you will see a dropdown list. At the bottom of this list see "add a tab" and click it. See Fig 1. below.

Fig 1: Adding a new tab in igoogle home.

 When you click this tab a box pops up. Fill the "tab name" to any sensible name you like, shorter the better. I have used OMR Journals. See Fig 2.

Fig 2: Adding the name of the journal page tab

 When you are done you will get a Message sating "Sorry............" But don't panic. Say thank you ! and click on the blue button labeled "Look for new stuff to add". See Fig 3.

Fig 3: The blue button to click despite the error message. 

 This will take you to a next page. Scroll a bit and see "Add a feed or gadget" and click. A new box pops up. Enter the RSS or Atom feed address of the journals you want to add.

Fig 4: Add a feed or gadget link when pressed give up a pop box.

 An violoa ! you have a tab with the latest headlines from the journal you wish. Clicking these headlines will take you to the actual journal article. If the journal give full length articles you can read the entire article at its earliest.

Fig 5: A new tab added from the journal Journal Of Rehabilitation. Similar more tabs can be added.

 The gadget is customizable, and you can choose how many head lines to display ranging from 1 to 9. The number of columns can also be customized in the settings tab. Keep adding more journal and stay ahead of the crowd - in fact ahead of even the intelligent crowd.

What is the cause of this central incisor notching?

What is the cause of this central incisor notching?
The patient is 32 years old male, presented with the chief complaint of sensitivity in anterior teeth.

Bilateral Central Incisor Notching

The story of this and similar cases is based on a very old tradition of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh And Some Areas of Bihar. Some people in these areas get their teeth tattooed with gold in various forms. Most common pattern is a triangle with three dots at each corner and apex at the superior end. Small round holes are drilled in the teeth with the help hand driven drills. The holes are placed at about 2 to 3 mm superior to the incisal edges. Gold is then filled in the prepared cavities.
In this patient, the teeth underwent severe attrition which lead to the expulsion of the tattoos and conversion of round holes into semicircles which appear as notches.
Finally the complete correct answer was given by Dr. Zulfiqar Hafeez (AMU) and a closest best was given by Dr. Anshul Gupta (JDC) and Dr. Kritika Roy (JDC).

Dramatic Appearance Of An Innocuous Gingival Lesion

The patient age 27 years male reported with the chief complaint of swelling and spontaneous bleeding from the lesion. Swelling started about 7 months back. Since then it is growing in size and shown increased tendency to bleed. No tenderness on palpation. Very soft in consistency. Profuse bleeding on palpation. Both the Maxillary Central Incisors have been RC treated about 3 years back.

The final diagnosis was Localized Inflammatory Gingival Hyperplasia

Post operative result at 14 days recall.

Treatment

The treatment instituted was oral prophylaxis with manual scaling instruments. The patient was advised to swish and gargle with warm saline water 3 times a day. Second prophylaxis was performed after 7 days. The results can be seen in the above picture.

Stem Cell Dentistry: Charismatic Regeneration

Stem cells are unspecialized cells which can renew themselves and give birth to various specialized cells (totipotent cells, pleuripotent cells, multipotent cells and progenitor cells) that constitute an embryo. They act as basic building blocks and have a potential to repair the damaged and regenerate new organs and tissues.


Stem cells of dental origin:
* Bone marrow stem cells
* Dentin pulp stem cells
* Periodontal ligament stem cells
* Cemetoblast like cells
* SHED(Stem cells of human exfoliated and deciduous teeth)
* Wisdom teeth

Major prospective uses of stem cells in dentistry:

Development of a new tooth
Primary teeth, wisdom tooth, jaw bones, periodontal ligament and pulp are used to regenerate an entire tooth, restore nerve cells damaged in Parkinson’s disease , correction of cleft palate and treatment of missing teeth replacing the removable dentures and implants. Eg -If a tooth is injured during an accident usually root canals are needed and the tooth dies, instead stem cell aided new pulp can be generated in a tooth.

Regenerative techniques for periodontal diseases
In the coming future, periodontium injectible gel will prove to be useful in the development of new periodontal tissues through guided tissue and bone regeneration techniques.
[Injectible gel is a mixture of ex-vivo cultured mesenchymal stem cells, ex-vivo cultured osteoblast like cells differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells and scaffold {human thrombin, platelet rich plasma and calcium chloride}]

Dentofacial orthopaedics
Mesenchymal stem cells provide a continuous supply of osteogenic cells (osteoblasts and chondroblasts) required for bone remodelling and fracture repair throughout adulthood. Therefore these cells play a significant role in the field of growth modification in orthodontics.


Fractures:
Especially delayed non union fractures.

Geno-dental interrelations:
Stem cells in the cervical loop of continuously growing mouse incisors shows that their maintenance and differentiation depends on genetic signal pathways (FGF –Fibroblast Growth Factor and Ectodysplastin)
They are used to correct defects caused by ectodermal dysplasia and cleidocranial dysplasia. 

About The Author:

Dr. Dipika Bumb; www.omrcafe.blogspot.com;
Contact email: drdipikabumb@gmail.com

Oral Submucous Fibrosis Recent Advances 2009

 In Vivo OSF Treatment Effectiveness Detection by Autofluorescence

Autofluorescence is the latest technique to assess the effectiveness of treatment in Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF). When tissues interact with light they emit back a light in minute quantities, known as autofluorescence. It can be detected with highly sensitive spectrophotometres. Normal mucosa shows emissions in different spectral range than the fibrosed mucosa. In cases that responded to the treatment showed emission spectrum similar to that of normal mucosa. The greatest advantage of this test is that it can be performed invivo , it is non invasive and does not show any related adverse effects.
Ref: Vedeswari CP, Jayachandran S, Ganesan S. In vivo autofluorescence characteristics of pre- and post-treated oral submucous fibrosis: A pilot study. Indian J Dent Res [serial online] 2009 [cited 2009 Dec 16];20:261-7. Available from: http://www.ijdr.in/text.asp?2009/20/3/261/57354

This Red Dye Writes About Oral Submucous Fibrosis In Greater Detail

Various dyes are used for staining sections of Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF). Picrosirius red stain under polarizing microscopy shows staining the finer fibres and correlation with clinicofunctional staging.
Ref: Ceena DE, Bastian TS, Ashok L, Annigeri RG. Comparative study of clinicofunctional staging of oral submucous fibrosis with qualitative analysis of collagen fibers under polarizing microscopy. Indian J Dent Res [serial online] 2009 [cited 2009 Dec 16];20:271-6. Available from: http://www.ijdr.in/text.asp?2009/20/3/271/57356

Latest About HPV, HIV And Serum Cholesterol

Is HPV - 16 Responsile For Periodontal Breakdown ?

HPV - 16 is associated with a number of oral diseases for e.g. squamous cell carcinoma, condyloma acuminatum, verruca vulgaris, focal epithelial hyperplasia. Earlier it was hypothesised that it has a role in periodontal breakdown as well. A recent case control study by Verônica V. Horewicz et al.  found that HPV - 16 has no role in periodontal breakdown and periodontal tissues are not the reservoirs of HPV - 16 in the population examined.

Relation Between Mode Of HIV Transmission And Probability Of Oral Lesions

Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine reports that the mode of HIV transmission is related to the probability of Oral Lesions. Two groups one with heterosexual HIV patients and the other with IV Drug abuser HIV patiens were seleced for the study. The examination revealed that the chances of oral lesions in heterosexual HIV patients is 75% while those in IV Drug Abusers is 46%. Along with this it was also found that candidiasis was the most common lesion affecting the oral cavity of HIV patients.

Serum Cholesterol Level And Oral Carcinoma

Serum cholesterol level is used in various anlysis to predict various diseases. In a study by Vidya K. Lohe published in Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine it was found that oral carcinoma is associated with low total cholesterol, HDL And LDL, while oral precancers were associated with low total cholesterol and HDL.

By: Dr. Hamid Raihan
Jaipur Dental College
Jaipur.

Developmental Anomalies : Fibromatosis Gingivae; Etiology Clinical Features Oral Manifestations and Treatment

CLINICAL FEATURES
The disease is characterized by the diffuse nodular or smooth overgrowth of the gingiva.
One or both the arches can be affected.
The appearance of the gingival lesion coincides with the time of eruption of the central incisors.
Some times it has been noted at the time of birth.
It is neither painful nor hemorrhagic.
If it occurs before the eruption of the teeth it interferes with their eruption.
If it occurs after eruption then the growth is extensive enough to cover the crowns.
HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
The epithelium is thickened with elongated rete pegs. The dense fibrous connective tissue comprises the major bulk of the lesion.
The blood vessels are few in number.
TREATMENT
Surgery can be done to facilitate the eruption of the teeth.
Cosmetic reasons also require surgical approach.

Developmental Anomalies : Heck's Disease; Clinical Features Oral Manifestations and Treatment

CLINICAL FEATURES
It is also known as Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia.
It is mostly found in children between the age of 3 and 18 years.
The lesion occurs most commonly on the lips buccal mucosa and the tongue.
It has a sessile base and occurs in clusters.
It is soft and colour resembles that of the normal mucosa.
The size of the individual nodule is ranges from 1 – 5 mm.
HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
Acanthosis along with thickening elongation and fusion of the rete pegs has been reported.
The connective tissue shows inflammatory cells like polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes.
TREATMENT
No treatment is required. Many cases have shown spontaneous regression.

Developmental Anomalies : Fordyces Granules; Etiology Clinical Features Oral Manifestations and Treatment

CLINICAL FEATURES
The sebaceous glands sometimes ectopically develop in the various intraoral sites and are known as Fordyce’s granules.
The molar area of the buccal mucosa is the most frequent site of occurrence of the Fordyce’s granules.
They appear as small yellow spots projecting from the surface of the oral mucosa.
HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
The histologic feature is normal and is the same as found on the skin.
TREATMENT
Treatment is not required.
Dr. Hamid's Tip
The letters YCES of ForDYCES granules have a lot of hidden information in them.
Y – Yellow Spots
C – Concentrated near molars
E – Ectopically erupted
S – Sebaceous Glands

Developmental Anomalies : Peutz Jheghers Syndrome; Etiology Clinical Features Oral Manifestations and Treatment

CLINICAL FEATURES
The intestinal polyposis is a disease of the intestine. The polyps can be found all over in the intestine but manifest symptomatically only in the small intestine.
The patient frequently complains of abdominal pain. The examination reveals intussusception of the intestine.
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
The perioral skin shows numerous pigmented spots about 1-5 mm in diameters with greater concentration towards lips and gradually fading at the periphery.
The spots can similarly be concentrated at the eyes and nose also.
Intraorally buccal mucosa is most frequently affected with pigmentation while gingiva and the hard palate follow.
Previous Topic Developmental Anomalies : Cheilitis Granlomatosa
Next Topic Developmental Anomalies : Fordyces Granules

Developmental Anomalies : Cheilitis Granulomatosa; Etiology Clinical Features Oral Manifestations and Treatment

CLINICAL FEATURES
There is a diffuse, painless swelling of the lip. The adjoining soft tissues are normal but may appear erythematous sometimes.
Scaling fissuring, vesicles and pustules are less common features.
Melkersson – Rosenthal syndrome: A triad consisting of Cheilitis granulomatosa facial paralysis and scrotal tongue is known as Melkersson – Rosenthal syndrome.
HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
There is a focal noncasseating granuloma formation. It has many epitheloid cells and Langhans type of giant cells.
The vascular channels are surrounded by an inflammatory infiltrate consisting of lymphocytes plasma cells and histiocytes.
TREATMENT
No definitive treatment.
Previous Topic Developmental Anomalies : Cheilitis Glandularis
Next Topic Developmental Anomalies :Peutz Jhegers Syndrome

Developmental Anomalies : Cheilitis Glandularis; Etiology Clinical Features Oral Manifestations and Treatment

CLINICAL FEATURES
The opening of the accessory salivary glands on the lips become enlarged and appear as small red macules.
Enlargement of several salivary ducts lead\ to the enlargement of the lips.
Exudation of a dense fluid is found through the gland openings.
It has been classified into three types
1. Simple type
2. Superficial suppurative type also known as Bealz’s disease.
3. Deep suppurative type
The simple type is characterized by very tiny painless lesions.
The superficial suppurative type shows painless swelling, crustings and ulcerations apart from suppuration.
The deep suppurative type is painful, deep abscess formation.
HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
A diverse array of alterations are seen in the surface epithelium as well as the submucosal tissues.
The minor salivary glands may show features of nonspecific sialadenitis.
Atrophy or distention of acini, ductal ectasia with or without squamous metaplasia, chronic inflammatory infiltration, replacement of glandular parenchyma, and interstitial fibrosis may be seen.
Suppuration and sinus tracts in cases of bacterial infection.
Edema, hyperemia, hyperkeratosis, erosion and ulceration may also be seen.
TREATMENT
The lesion is treated surgically by stripping off the associated mucosa of the lip, or vermilionectomy.
Previous Topic Developmental Anomalies: Congenital Lip and Comissural Pits And Fistulas
Next Topic Developmental Anomalies : Cheilitis Granulomatosa

Developmental Anomalies : Congenital Lip And Comissural Pits and Fistulas; The Clinical Features and Treatment

CLINICAL FEATURES
These are the developmental anomalies associated with the lip and have a hereditary background.
Lip and comissural pits occur as unilateral or bilateral depressions of the lip on the vermilion border.
Lower lips are more commonly affected than the upper lips.
Comissural pits occur at the corners of the mouth.
TREATMENT
Surgical removal of the pits.
Previous Topic Of Developmental Anomalies : Vand Der Woude's Syndrome
Next Topic Of Developmental Anomalies : Cheilitis Glandularis

Developmental Anomalies : Van Der Woude Syndrome; Etiology Clinical Features Oral Manifestations and Treatment

VAN DER WOUDE SYNDROME

CLINICAL FEATURES
van der Woude syndrome is an autosomal dominant syndrome consisting of a cleft lip / cleft palate in association with lower lip pits.
The pits constantly secrete mucous and the discharge is very embarrassing for the patient.
Chromosomal studies show deletions in the chromosomes at 1q32 . A modifying gene may also be responsible which is located at 17p11.
Some extraoral manifestations like limb anomalies, popliteal webs, and brain abnormalities are also reported.
Very rare cases with accessory nipples, congenital heart defects, and Hirschprung disease are also seen.

TREATMENT
Surgical removal of pits can be carried out for cosmetic reasons.
Pevious Topic: Facial Hemiatrophy
Next Topic : Congenital Lip and Commisural Pits and Fistulas

Developmental Anomalies : Facial Hemiatrophy Etiology Clinical Features Oral Manifestations Histologic Features and Treatment

FACIAL HEMIATROPHY
Also known as Parry – Romberg Syndrome, Romberg Syndrome or Hemifacial Atrophy.

ETIOLOGY
Trophic malfunction of the cervical sympathetic nervous system

CLINICAL FEATURES
The skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle and bone show atrophy.
Various cartilages of the face are also involved.
Contralateral Jacksonian epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia, and changes in the eyes and hair are commonly seen.
There is a marked predilection for the left side of the face.

ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
The intraoral tissues also show atrophic changes.
If the teeth are developing they are also similarly affected showing short crown or roots.

TREATMENT
There is no treatment but the lesion stops progressing after a certain period of time and remains so for the rest of the life.

Developmental Anomalies : Facial Hemihypertrophy Etiology Clinical Features Oral Manifestations Histologic Features and Treatment

FACIAL HEMIHYPERTROPHY
ETIOLOGY

1. Vascular abnormalities
2. Neurogenic abnormalities
3. Hormonal imbalance
4. Incomplete twining
5. Chromosomal abnormalities
6. Intrauterine pressure
7. Lymphatic abnormalities

Among the listed causes the most accepted causes are vascular and neurogenic disturbances.

CLINICAL FEATURES
Though the name is Hemihypertrophy, the actual underlying condition is a hyperplasia.
Enlargement of the half of the head and face is seen. Familial occurrence has been seen in many cases.
Other systemic conditions that are found to be associated with facial hemihypertrophy are Wilm’s tumor, adrenocortical tumor and hepatoblastoma.

ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
Enlargement of teeth both primary and permanent are reported.
Early eruption of permanent teeth as well as early shedding of deciduous teeth on the involved side occurs.
The tongue is most commonly involved and shows extremely large papillae.
The buccal mucosa appears velvety and folds of tissues may hang in the oral cavity.

HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
No variation from normal.

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS
No treatment found.
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